Violent Video Games - 1485 Words

How does violence in video games affect people? Sometimes people think about video games and think oh no big deal but there is a lot that goes into them and they can have different effects on people. Violent video games have the most effect on people and most of them are negative. Educational games tend to have the best effect on people and can help them. Many people argue both sides and do not see them for what they are and think my kids won’t be affected but they will as more articles state and discuss these issues. Violent video games can lead to many different things such as, Gun violence, violence, and aggression. Gun violence is a bad thing and these games promote guns in many different ways and has different effects. Violence is†¦show more content†¦When kids watch educational shows that do not have violence they tend to have good qualities. They also won’t lead themselves into gun violence. Nonviolent shows have the best effect on kids. It shows that k ids who played violent video games ended up leading to gun violence. The educational shows will help them grow and explore more nonviolent ideas and they won’t even think about gun violence. Continuing the issue of gun violence and how violent video games affect people. In the article â€Å"Video games and shooting: Is the NRA right?† Mark states†the National Rifle Association blamed the entertainment industry - specifically the producers of violent video games for inciting what has become a pattern of gun violence in the United States.† Even the NRA has came up with the conclusion that violent video games lead to gun violence. That is again another effect these games have on people. These games promote gun violence because in these violent video games shooting is all these games are about. Also they kill people and can get graphic about how they are killed which puts images in there head. In the article â€Å"Should It Be Illegal for Kids to Buy Viole nt Video Games? YES, Timothy states â€Å"What we are talking about is a video game where the child is able to: Shoot a man, pour gasoline over his wounded body, set the man on fire, and listen to him scream in agony as he burns to death.† This is very importantShow MoreRelatedViolent Games And Violent Video Games1122 Words   |  5 PagesAs video game images become increasingly more realistic and graphic. Therefore, is there any link between the violence depicted in those games and violence in real life? Students are the main group people who played violent video games very often. Also, losing a game causes many people to have a negative impact. Last, the attitudes on violent game and antisocial. Games are everywhere around us, such as cellphones, televisions, or computers, but violent games are the most popular type of game. TheRead MoreVideo Game : Violent Video Games927 Words   |  4 PagesThe video game industry possible causing behavioral problems for people of all a ges. Video game violence isn’t breaking news for years people have played games with murder and sexual innuendos. People ask why violent video games are so attractive, maybe it’s a way to escape from real life or even therapeutic. History shows us that human being like violence, in roman time gladiators killed people and animals for sport with huge number of people as an audience. Today the video game industry has foundRead MoreVideo Games and Violent Video Games Effect1225 Words   |  5 Pages A video game is â€Å"an electronic game in which players control images on a television or computer screen† (Merriam-Webster). Video games have been entertaining and challenging gamers since the Game Boy to modern console games. Despite the simplicity of the definition of video games, a video game, especially ones containing violence can have a large effect on the gamer. Because of the realism and advancements in the video game industry, video games can influence the player, and can make the gamerRead MoreVideo Game Violence : Violent Video Games1626 Words   |  7 PagesDavis English III 27 March 2015 Video Game Violence Violent video games have been being created since the first console. Yet only recently have we been blaming them for aggression in the player. We as humans have a tendency to blame our violent behavior on other things rather thin ourselves. Now aggression is being defined in many ways in this situation but mainly people point to the anger that’s brought out in the real world after the game or maybe it’s the gamers’ tendency to haveRead MoreViolent Video Games Are Violent1677 Words   |  7 Pages2016 Violent Video Games Effect The future of entertainment revolves around technology which perhaps has caused video games to become more and more realistic over time. Although they often are entertaining, the contents have become more violent and disturbing as computing technology has become much more advanced. These days, the popularity of violent video games has caused an increase in controversy. Many parents and researchers say the video games are now becoming too violent. The violent videoRead MoreViolent Video Games 886 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican child spends on video games per week is 8 hours? That’s a more than a whole school day! Many kids today are spending more and more time on video games. Not only is it damaging to the brain and body, but it also can cause insanity and dementia. Many of the mass murderers of the past have been found to play violent video games. Teens should not be permitted to play violent video games to ensure that they will not become aggressive. The foundation of the first video games was the CRT. The cathodeRead MoreVideo Game And Violent Video Games1574 Words   |  7 PagesAlong with the rapid development of the internet in recent years, game and violence game have become companions of young people. We could not deny the fact that video game already has strong attraction for many people. Especially in today’s society, when work pressure is growing, gaming is an effective solution to relieve tension, dispel feeling of fatigue, anxiety. Playing the normal video game, which it not include any violence scenes, plus regulatory reasonable playing time can help players relaxedRead MoreRegulation of Violent Video Games2128 Words   |  8 PagesIssue: Video games are the primary source of entertainment for children nowadays. Be it in form of Wii Games, Nintendo or Xbox; children nowadays seems to be practically smitten with video games. It was also shown as evidence in some cases that the influence of such games is so huge that few children start speaking and acting like characters in the video games. Many video games, dating back to 1976’s Death Race, contain some or other aspect of violence, such as killing the bad person, driving dangerousRead MoreVideo Game Violence And Violent Video Games2382 Words   |  10 PagesAbstract The issue of video game violence seems to be a hot topic right now after several shootings have occurred and made a connection to the shooters being video gamers. In looking at past research it is apparent that there seems to large amounts of research that contradict one work to another. Although I would have been interested in conducting a poll of the publics opinion regarding the use of violent video games and their connection to mass shootings I was not able to conduct the researchRead MoreVideo Games And Violent Violence1345 Words   |  6 PagesOn television, iPads, cell phones, and even specially made devices for babies and children. Video games are interwoven with our daily lives. For many, it is just an innocent way to relax or enjoy themselves. For others, it has become an addiction in which they cannot escape. Not all video games are violent, but what about those that are? Does society have an obligation to monitor every type of video game children and adults play simply because they believe it may lead to acts of violence? Psychologists

The Effects Of Parental Absence On Academic Achievement Of...

1. Jeynes, William H. (2002). Examining the Effects of Parental Absence on the Academic Achievement of Adolescents: The Challenge of Controlling for Family Income. Journal of Family and Economic Issues 23.2, 189-210. A. The article targets the issue that how parent’s absence has a negative effect on the academic achievements of adolescents. It also discusses how it can be difficult for single-parents to manage family income. B. The article tells that when children lose a custodial parent, they go through drastic psychological and practical effects, which eventually have a negative impact on their academic achievements at school. The children do not get to have emotional stability in the house, parental involvement, and most of all fluctuating family incomes. In most cases, parental divorce and death each lead to a decline in family income which later on becomes a problem for the single-parent as they are unable to provide the children with certain products, the parents are tensed all the time which leads to them not giving time to their children. As a result, the children become emotionally stressed and fail to do academically well in school. 2. Park, H. (2008). Effects of Single Parenthood on Educational Aspiration and Student Disengagement in Korea. Demographic Research 18, 377-408. A. This study aimed to focus on the effects divorce or single parenthood might have on educational aspiration of students. Furthermore it focused on how the students that belong toShow MoreRelatedFamily Risk Factors For Antisocial Behavior Among Young People901 Words   |  4 Pages/ neglect; low levels of parental involvement; high levels of hostility, conflict and aggression within the family; parental criminality; family conflicts; inadequate parental supervision; early parental loss; and emotional deprivation. OJJDP identified several risk factors related to the family who have an established relationship with juvenile delinquency, including factors such as antisocial parents, poor family management practices, child abuse, low levels of parental involvement, and separationRead MoreThe Single Parent Family Structural Environment And Economic Conditions Can Hinder The Development And Growth Of A Child936 Words   |  4 Pagesof children living in single-parent households have go ne up since 2001 and almost more than three quarters of these children aged 14 and under are living with single parent family headed by woman (Statistics Canada, 2011). Many times there is the absence of the father in these single-parent homes. Children living in such single parent homes have been negatively affected psychologically and socially which then is reflected in their behavior as well. The purpose of this paper is to explore how the singleRead MoreThe Role Of Parents Absent Homes Are More Frequently Perpetrators Of Crimes1382 Words   |  6 Pagesmind, not many people tend to think about how not having a father impacts the children as adolescents and even sometimes into adulthood. The disruption of a family structure is known to be one of the main contributing factors in juvenile delinquency. This research paper will show evidence that adolescents in father absent homes are more frequently perpetrators of crimes. The independent variable is adolescents raised in father absent homes and the dependent variable is how they are more frequentlyRead MoreResearch Report Questionnaires1342 Words   |  6 Pagesfound in 9th grade when compared with 8th grade. This resulted in good academic performance in the students’ which connotes that a good teacher- child relationship has a positive impact on the academic performance of the students’. The study concluded that a good teacher-student relationship plays a very important role in the academics and the behavior of students. Melby, Janet. N., and Conger, R. D. (1996) found that academic performance is affected by parenting and hostility. Positive reinforcementRead MoreChild And Youth Survey : The And Nichols Was A Longitudinal Study Design Using Data From High School Essay1502 Words   |  7 Pagesvariables such as sex, ethnicity, poverty status, mother’s educational attainment, cognitive ability, and home environment quality. The dependent variables in this study were related to academic outcomes such as extended absences and failure to graduate from high school. The independent variables used were parental incarceration, sibling incarceration, and other household member’s incarceration (Loper and Nichols, 2012). The study by Lopers and Nichols was a longitudinal, study design using dataRead MoreEssay about Adolescent Depression1718 Words   |  7 Pagesoccurrence according to the research findings of Goodwin, Mrug, Borch, Cillessen, 2012). in fact according to research adolescents is the peek age for onset of depression during this time (1). There are many causes of depression among late to early adolescents. Over the years research has concluded that the most prevalent causes of adolescent depression is , genetics, absence of parental protection, low self-esteem, child abuse (of all types) , faulty interpersonal relationships, and educational transitionsRead MoreCritique of a Research Article about Incarceration in the Household by Loper Nichols (2012)2317 Words   |  10 Pagesimpact that such incarceration had on such children. It was expected, consistent with previous literature, that household incarceration would have an impact on academic outcomes. The purpose of the study w as to evaluate the relationship between household incarceration and two outcomes: failure to graduate high school and extended school absence. Loper and Nichols (2012) examined three factors: 1. If youth with incarcerated household members experienced more social and economic adversity and worse schoolRead MoreParenting Styles and Culture1378 Words   |  6 Pageshealthy child development in high-risk environments. On the one hand, these controlling methods of parenting may be effective in reducing undesirable or high-risk behaviors of Black children and adolescents. On the other hand, they may place African American children at risk for other problems, such as academic failure and child abuse. Thus an appreciation of sociocultural differences in parenting styles and related outcomes should not lead to unconditional acceptance of punitive behaviors because ofRead MoreSubstance Abuse And Its Effect On Education1348 Words   |  6 PagesSubstance Abuse and its Effect on Education Drug abuse is a serious public health problem that affects almost every community and family in some way. Each year drug abuse causes millions of serious illnesses or injuries among Americans. A study done in John Hopkins University School of Medicine, found that individuals who are unemployed have higher rates of substance abuse than those who are regularly employed. Five hundred and fifty nine participants, who were unemployed, at least eighteen yearsRead MoreParenting Styles And The Parenting Style Essay1594 Words   |  7 Pagesby caregivers plays an important role in the child’s development and learning, specifically social emotional learning. Parents play a big role in their child’s academic achievement, especially depending on the parenting style use. The parenting style where the parents are involved and monitor their children is related to academic achievement and educational accomplishment (Spera, 2005). Parenting styles comprise of two dimensions, demandingness and responsiveness. Demandingness indicates the degree

Short Essay On Sir Isaac Newton Example For Students

Short Essay On Sir Isaac Newton Sir Isaac Newton was born on December 25, 1642 in Woolsthorpe, near Lincolnshire. He was a famous mathematician and physicist who made many contributions in the progress of science. Newton, along with Gottfried Leibniz invented the branch of math called calculus. In the summer of 1661, he was sent to Trinity College at the University of Cambridge where he received his bachelors degree. In 1667, he returned there, after taking two years off, and got his masters degree. Newtons first major achievement was in mathematics. He generalized the methods that were being used to draw tangents to curves and to calculate the area swept by curves, and he saw that the two procedures were inverse operations. By joining them in what he calls the fluxional method, he developed calculus. Although Newton invented calculus he didnt introduce it to Europe. In 1675, Leibniz figured the same thing and told Europe about calculus. Newton was always afraid of criticism and publication so he kept all of his discoveries to himself. However, enough was known about his abilities to appoint him as a Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge. Another area of Newtons early interests was optics. When he tried explaining how colors occur, he concluded that sunlig ht is a heterogeneous blend of different rays and that reflections cause colors to appear by separating that blend into its components. He demonstrated this by passing a beam of sunlight through a prism which separated the beam into different colors. Newton is probably best known for discovering universal gravitation, which explains all bodies in space and on earth are affected by the force called gravity. He published his theory in his book Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica. Not only was Newton interested in science and math, he also showed interest in alchemy, mysticism, and theology. Newton died in 1727. Sources1. Sir Isaac Newton Encarta Interactive Encyclopedia, 1996

Quantitative Derivatives and Risk Management †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Quantitative Derivatives and Risk Management. Answer: Introduction Risk Management is one of the most crucial tools that help in risk identification, development of plan, and reduction of the impact on the risk factors on the project (Lam 2014). The project of Website development for Car Rental is largely influenced by the people involved in the project. Hence the impact of the people on the activities of the project is also very huge. The implication of the risk management would help in identifying the probability of the occurrence of the risk factors on the project that could be raised due to the people involved in the project. The major risk factors due to people that can have an impact on the operations of the project are absence of skilled staff, problem in recruitment, medical issues in the staff, and absence of training for the staff (McNeil, Frey and Embrechts 2015). The factors of risk would cause the major issues in the obligations of the project successfully. The use of the risk management would provide the option for the development of the successive and integrated communication management. The development of the operations was supported by the implication of the operations for development and integration of the operations that are required for the integration of the effective operations. The risk assessment for the project of Website Development for Car Rental is done for analyzing the various risks of the project along with the type of the risk (Glendon, Clarke and McKenna 2016). The risks identified in the project were absence of skilled staff, problem in recruitment, medical issues in the staff, and absence of training for the staff due to the people involved in the project. The types of the risk are dependent on the procurement of the operations of the project and the formation of the successive development operations (Chance and Brooks 2015). The analysis of the factors of the risk would help in listing the operational development of the risk associated with the development of the operational risk assessment. The risk is highly dependent on the people associated with the project. The implication of the successive project integration plan had resulted in forming the development of the improved operations (Wolke 2017). The nonattendance of talented staff is the significant issue of the task as the entire undertaking is about advancement of the site and the nonappearance of the gifted labourers would bring about hurting the activities. The issue in enlistment would bring about framing the significant issues in the consummation of the undertaking. The issues identified with the restorative foundation of the staff would likewise bring about framing the issues in the fruition of the task (Bessis 2015). The nonappearance of preparing offices of the staff would bring about shaping real issue in the task of site advancement of auto rental. Risk assessment S. No. Risk Factor Description Probability Severity Rating Mitigation 1 Absence of skilled staff The absence of skilled staff is the major problem of the project as the complete project is about development of the website and the absence of the skilled workers would result in harming the operations. Medium High High External Staff should be included 2 Problem in recruitment The problem in recruitment would result in forming the major issues in the completion of the project High Low Medium Proper Recruitment method should be used 3 Medical issues among staff The issues related to the medical background of the staff would also result in forming the issues in the completion of the project Medium Low Low Proper Treatment and leave allowance should be given 4 Absence of training for the staff The absence of training facilities of the staff would result in forming major issue in the project of website development of car rental Low High Medium Advanced training methods should be used for ensuring that the staff are trained effectively Risk Priority Matrix Probability Severity Low Medium High Low Medical issues among staff Problem in recruitment Medium High Absence of training for the staff Absence of skilled staff Risk Control Risk control can be implied with the help of implementation of the mitigation strategies listed in the previous section of risk assessment (Hopkin 2017). The control of the risk factors would be done by the help of control implementation process. The steps of control implementation process are given below, It is the first step of implementation of the risk control as the factors of risk would be analysed for making the control plan that would be followed for implementing the improved risk control plan for the project. The strategies like external staff should be included, proper recruitment method should be used, proper treatment and leave allowance should be given, and advanced training methods should be used for ensuring that the staffs is trained effectively should be developed. These strategies form the basis of the implementation of the risk control processes. The deployment of the effective strategies would help in decreasing the probability of errors in completing the project. The developed strategies are prioritized and implemented for listing the deployment of the successive and developed operation model. The implementation of the strategies is helpful for ensuring that the project is implemented and the factors of risk are negated. The various risk factors for the project and their impact on the project schedule is given below, Risk Factors Impact on project schedule Absence of skilled staff The absence of skilled staff would result in forming the major issues in the development of the final project deliverable. Problem in recruitment The recruitment issues would tend to result in lacking the project with expertise professionals that are able to do the task successfully. Medical issues among staff The medical issues would tend to delay the operations of the project as the workers would not be able to work in the stipulated time Absence of training for the staff The absence of staff training would tend to result in causing the major setback for the workers and professionals. References Bessis, J., 2015. Risk management in banking. John Wiley Sons. Bromiley, P., McShane, M., Nair, A. and Rustambekov, E., 2015. Enterprise risk management: Review, critique, and research directions. Long range planning, 48(4), pp.265-276. Chance, D.M. and Brooks, R., 2015. Introduction to derivatives and risk management. Cengage Learning. Glendon, A.I., Clarke, S. and McKenna, E., 2016. Human safety and risk management. Crc Press. Hopkin, P., 2017. Fundamentals of risk management: understanding, evaluating and implementing effective risk management. Kogan Page Publishers. Lam, J., 2014. Enterprise risk management: from incentives to controls. John Wiley Sons. McNeil, A.J., Frey, R. and Embrechts, P., 2015. Quantitative risk management: Concepts, techniques and tools. Princeton university press. Wolke, T., 2017. Risk Management. Walter de Gruyter GmbH Co KG.

Bartleby Essays - Bartleby, The Scrivener, English-language Films

Bartleby By Melville In Herman Melville's "Bartleby the Scrivener", the author uses several themes to convey his ideas. The three most important themes are alienation, man's desire to have a free conscience, and man's desire to avoid conflict. Melville uses the actions of an eccentric scrivener named Bartleby, and the responses of his cohorts, to show these underlying themes to the reader. The first theme, alienation, is displayed best by Bartleby's actions. He has a divider put up so that the other scriveners cannot see him, while all of them have desks out in the open so they are full view of each other, as well as the narrator. This caused discourse with all of the others in the office. This is proven when Turkey exclaims, " I think I'll just step behind his screen and black his eyes for him."(p.2411) The other scriveners also felt alienated by the actions of the narrator. His lack of resolve when dealing with Bartleby angered them because they knew that if they would have taken the same actions, they would have been dismissed much more rapidly. The narrator admits to this when he said, " With any other man I should have flown outright into a dreadful passion, scorned all further words, and thrust him ignominiously from my presence." (2409) The next theme is man's desire to avoid conflict. The narrator avoids conflict on several occasions. The first time Bartleby refused to proofread a paper, the narrator simply had someone else do it instead of confronting him and resolving the issue right then. By ignoring the problem, he left the door open for more disobedience. As expected, Bartleby continued to refuse to proofread and the narrator eventually gave up on asking him to do it. The narrator went to great lengths to avoid a confrontation. When Bartleby refused to leave the office after being fired, the narrator chose to move his office to a different location instead of removing the eccentric man by force. The narrator informs the reader of this idea when he says, " No more then. Since he will not quit me, I must quit him. I will change my offices." (2422) By doing so, the narrator displays just how far man is sometimes willing to go to avoid conflict. The final theme is man's desire to have a free conscience. Melville reveals this theme through the actions of the narrator as well as the new tenants of the office. The narrator attempts to appease his conscience by giving Bartleby money above his wages when he fired him. The new tenants of the office try to put the responsibility of dealing with Bartleby back on the narrator, but they are denied and eventually have the man removed from the premises by law officers. Herman Melville uses the actions and reactions of the characters in "Bartleby the Scrivener" to disclose three important themes, alienation, man's desire to avoid conflict, and man's desire to keep a free conscience. In doing so, he gives us an inside look into the workings of the human mind. The reader is left with the impression that all people, including lawyers, have compassion for other humans, and at some point, that compassion will show through Biblio- Heath Anthology of American Lit., Third Edition, Vol I , Paul Lauter Ed.

Nursing health assessment is an important role for a patient being diagnosis and give appropriate treatment The WritePass Journal

Nursing health assessment is an important role for a patient being diagnosis and give appropriate treatment Nursing health assessment is an important role for a patient being diagnosis and give appropriate treatment IntroductionCase scenarioAssessment of abdomen  Health history and lifestyle health practicesPhysical examination of abdomenInspectionAuscultationPalpationDocumentationPast health history and lifestyle practicePhysical examinationAction and responsesConclusionReferenceRelated Introduction Nursing health assessment is an important role for a patient being diagnosis and give appropriate treatment (Bellack, 1992, p.12). In my past clinical practice, only some simple assessments were conducted as it is able to reduce the affect of the problem but not solve it. After studied nursing health assessment, some more extensive and specific assessments should be done to identify patient’s health status. The actual problem, strengths deviations and the risk of the health problem are explored at a detail and in-depth way. This article is going to discuss about the specific nursing health assessment for a patient suffered from abdominal pain, who was met in my past practicum placement. Case scenario Ms. Ma, Age 54, housewife, admitted via AE and complained she was having abdominal pain for 5 days. Sharp pain starts at mid-abdomen and then at right lower quadrant. Level of pain increased when coughing. She had had Panadol 500mg an hour ago but pain can not relief. Nausea and vomited small amount of undigested food twice in the past few days. No diarrhea. She feels tired but can not sleep because of the sharp pain. Her vital signs are: pulse 98, blood pressure 148/85 mmHg, temperature 39.2oC. Her skin is warm and dry. Rebound pain occurred at the right lower quadrant of abdomen. She has hypertension and need to take medicine 2 times per day. Ms. Ma was diagnosed with acute appendicitis. Keep NPO and IV 500ml normal saline is established. Blood test, abdominal X-ray and ultrasound abdomen are planned. Assessment of abdomen In the past clinical practice, I only give analgesics by doctor’s order and the patient may sometimes relief pain after medication. However, abdominal assessment skills are necessary to identify Ms. Ma‘s condition for getting at the root and having a better outcome. There are five important steps for evaluating abdomen: take health history, inspection, auscultation, percussion and palpation. These assessment skills will be discussed one by one in the following paragraphs.   Health history and lifestyle health practices First, find out the patient’s chief complaint, record the details and observe Ms. Ma‘s general appearance. Then, assess the abdomen pain by COLDSPA- character, onset, location, duration, severity, pattern and associated factors. It is the most accurate measurement to identify whether it is parietal peritoneal pain, visceral pain or referred pain (Judy, 2008). After that, collect individual and family past and current health status. Ask if there was any injuries or trauma may cause the pain, any eating disorder, any abdominal surgery was done before, any food allergy, history of suffering inflammatory bowel disease, family history of cancer and chronic disease, etc. Also, collect Ms. Ma‘s lifestyle and health practices. Ask her if smoke, drink or not, her eating habit, bowel pattern and movement, the amount, colour and texture of stool, any change in appetite, weight and abdominal girth recently and her stress level (Medical Education, 1998). Past history and current lifestyle health practices are the useful information to identify the risk factors of the problem. After collecting all background information, the physical examination should be proceed. Physical examination is using senses to collect objective data. It is used to identify the actual and potential health problems, discover patient’s abnormalities and diagnosis the problem (Nursing 2010 Magazine, 2010). For physical examination of abdomen, Ms. Ma needs to empty her bladder first in order to avoid the bladder irritation then, place Ms. Ma in a supine position. The hands should be at aside and knees slightly bent. Tell her keep relax of the abdominal muscles. The assessment should be started in the right lower quadrant of abdomen and then proceeding in a clockwise direction. Also, the examination should go forward in the order of inspection, auscultation, palpation and finally percussion for avoid affecting the quality of bowel sound and increase peristalsis (Bellack, 1992). Physical examination of abdomen Inspection Inspection is systemic visual examination. For abdominal examination, it should be started at the mouth, which is the beginning of gastrointestinal tract, and finally the rectum and anus (Bellack, 1992). First, ask Ms. Ma opens her mouth and says â€Å"Ar† or use tongue depressor to inspect the structure of mouth cavity to see whether any inflection, ulcer or not. Then, give a swelling test to Ms. Ma for examine the swelling ability. Place a spoon with some water on the middle part of her tongue and ask her to swell the water slowly to observe any choking or water leaks out. After that, inspect the texture of abdomen, the condition and colour of skin, any bruises or scars presence on abdomen. Normally, abdomen is homogenous in colour. If redness or yellow orange appear, it may indicate inflammation or liver disease respectively. Normal abdomen should also be symmetry from side to toe, flat and have normal movement when smooth respiration. If the abdomen is asymmetric, obesity, abnormal enlargement of organs, fluid distention or even intestinal obstruction may be suffered. Also, aortic pulsation should be present as Ms. Ma is having hypertension. Finally, ask Ms. Ma to take a d eep breathe and hold it, it is used to inspect the presence of hernias or not (Bellack, 1992). Auscultation Auscultation of abdomen is used to define the bowel sound, which are caused by the movement of air or fluid at small intestine, by stethoscope. The examination is started at the right lower quadrant, where the clearest bowel sound can be heard. Normal bowel sounds are at high-pitched, bubbling sound and occur five to thirty times per minute. If hyperactive bowel sounds occur, it indicates diarrhea or early stage of gastroenteritis. If hypoactive or even absent of bowel sounds for five minutes, it indicates intestinal obstruction, peritonitis or pneumonia. Besides bowel sounds, vascular sounds of aortic, renal, iliac, and femoral arteries can also be auscultated. It is an important examination to assess hypertension patient such like Ms. Ma whether she suffers from portal hypertensive and liver cirrhosis or not. If the vessels constricted or dilated, a bruit can be heard when blood flows (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, 2008). Palpation Palpation is using sense of touch to collect data. For abdominal examination, finding out the location of pain is a great help of diagnosis abdominal pain. Light palpation and deep palpation are used to assess the abdominal organs, to define the tenderness and presence of mass. It is essential to assess the liver and spleen in abdominal examination. Light palpation which is not more than 1 am deep on each quadrant. Normal abdomen should be smooth and consistent. If broad-like hardness appears, it states peritoneal irritation is suffered. Deep palpation, which is press deeply from5cmto8cm, is used to indicate the abdominal organs and detect some obscure masses. Palpate the liver to test Murphy’s sign of cholecystitis. Palpate on the right upper quadrant at midclavicular line and parallel to the midline. If Ms. Ma feels pain and has inspiratory arrest, it states positive Murphy’s sign and indicate cholecystitis. Then, palpate the spleen at costal margin on left upper quadrant to feel if the spleen is enlarged and Ms. Ma will feel pain when the peritoneum is inflamed. Finally, as the rebound tenderness was being tested to Ms. Ma, that is pushing 90o angle at the right lower quadrant deeply and then release quickly. It is the reliable test of peritoneal inflammation if the patient feels sharp pain when the force released (Watkins, 2010). Besides, obturator test and iliopsoas test can also be done for diagnosing appendicitis. For obturator test, Ms. MA need to hold her right leg above the knee at 90o angle, grasp the ankle and rotate her leg laterally and medically. If she feels pain, it states obturator muscle is irritated. For iliopsoas test, straight up Ms. Ma’s right leg and press deeply on her upper thigh and ask her to oppose the pressing force. If she feels pain, it states that she is suffering from appendicitis (Beltran, 2009). Percussion Percussion collects data by vibrations and sounds. For abdominal examination, percussion is used to assess the amount of fluid or gas, the location of mass, the size of liver and spleen. Normally, tympanic sound is found at hollow organs such as stomach and intestine; dullness sound is found at liver, spleen or masses. To estimate the liver is enlarged or not, the normal distance of liver is 6 to12cm, which depends on the body size and gender, at the midclaricular line. To estimate the spleen by percussing behind the left midaxillary line. If the distance is greater than7cm, it states that the spleen is enlarged due to infection, mononucleosis or trauma. Moreover, test of shifting dullness and fluid wave to assess ascites. If the ascites of abdomen is more than 500ml, shifting dullness will be found. Normally, tympany is produced at abdominal midline (Bellack, 1992). However, for the abnormal case, dull sound is produced because of the cumulated fluid. Ask Ms. Ma rolls to right side and percuss from top to bottom. If the fluid is present, sound will change from tympanis to dullness and fluid wave will be generate when percuss on a side of the abdomen. It also has great variate in the abdominal girth. Documentation After the physical examination, documentation is necessary for the findings and development of care plan. Current of illness Ms. Ma states that her abdominal pain started five days ago. On the pain scale from 0 to 10, as 10 being the worst, she rates her pain is 7. Sharp pain occurs at mid-abdomen and then at right lower quadrant continuously. Level of pain increases when coughing. She has no known drug allergy and food allergy. She had Panadol 500mg an hour ago but pain can not relief. Nausea and vomited small amount of undigested food twice in the past few days. She has loss of appetite and lost about 3 pounds of body weight. No change in her abdominal girth. She has no diarrhea. She feels tired but can not sleep because of the sharp pain. She is having fever as her vital signs are: pulse 98, blood pressure 148/85 mmHg, temperature 39.2oC. Past health history and lifestyle practice Ms. Ma is a non-smoker and non-drinker. She has hypertension and need to take medicine 2 times per day. No abdominal surgery was dome before. She denies any injury or trauma occurs recently on her abdomen. She does not have history of suffering inflammatory bowel disease or family history of cancer and chronic disease. She states that her eating habit is health and the amount, colour, texture of stool are normal, but constipation sometimes. She does not feel stress or depression. Physical examination Ms. Ma has normal structure of mouth cavity and good swelling ability. There is no bruise or scar presence on abdomen. Her abdomen is symmetric and homogenous in colour. Her skin is warm but dry. By using the stethoscope, her bowel sounds are normal and no bruits are heard. Ms. Ma has rebound tenderness at the right lower quadrant of abdomen, pain occurs at obturator test and iliopsoas test when palpation.   Normal tympanic sound is produced at abdominal midline when percussion. Action and responses Ms. Ma is hospitalized. IMI 50mg Tramadol is given and her pain is temporary relief. Blood test was done and the result shows the level of white blood cell is high. The abdominal X-ray and ultrasound abdomen show her appendix is enlarged Ms. Ma is booked for an urgent operation for appendectomy. Conclusion In conclusion, some early symptoms of disease are not obvious, which will be easily misdiagnosed. Therefore, collecting health history and physical examination are very important as the data collected are in-depth and specific. It helps to have fast and accurate diagnosis in order to provide appropriate treatments to solve the patient’s problem and the symptoms at the same time. Reference Bellack, J.P. (1992). Nursing assessment and diagnosis (2nd ed.).Boston : Jones andBartlett Publishers. Beltran, M. (2009). Give this diagnostic test if appendicitis is suspected: early acute appendicitis may be difficult to diagnose. ED Nursing, 12 (5), 56ï ¼ 67. Judy, B. (2008). Pain evaluation and assessment. London : Piper Books in association with Heinemann. Medical Education. (1998). Nursing Assessment [Videotape].America: Meridian Education Corporation. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. (2008). Appendicitis [Brochure].England:Newcastle Health Information Centre. Nursing 2010 Magazine. (2nd ed.). (2010).America: AuthorBio Publishing Group Ltd. Watkins, J. (2010). Recognizing the signs of acute appendicitis. British Journal of School Nursing, 5 (10), 488ï ¼ 91. [/level-freee-rstricted]

Important challenges museums are facing today and how to respond to Term Paper

Important challenges museums are facing today and how to respond to them - Term Paper Example Museums are important places where people are able to debate upon and shape the public views, cultural views and identity. Museums have been facing several changes inside and out of the country due to the new expectations of the audience such as students, tourists, donors.Museums have been facing several changes inside and out of the country due to the new expectations of the audience such as students, tourists, donors. As a result this has caused challenges to the museum management. As a result this has caused challenges to the museum management. These challenges are in terms of how to organize staff members, creation of exhibitions, shaping of collections and creation of effective programs. Important Challenges Facing Museums Today Financial challenge has become an obvious threat to the museums today. During recession period one of things to be cut off from financing is museum as many view it non-essential services. It is also not considered to have any significant formal role to t he public and especially to education. Participation in museums is mostly considered voluntary and that amounts to why it does not receive much funding like other corporations. Acquiring expert collection staff is another challenge that is facing museums. The lack of expertise in the museums staff makes it impossible for the museums to ensure proper interpretation of collections and how to improve museum education. Many people do not prefer studying on museum issues and in most cases such issues are not in the curriculum. The expert collection staffs are significant people in the museum since they are the ones who provide various collections according to expectation of the audience. They are also able to choose right objects for display and ensure they are relevant for the occasion hence every museum should have these kinds of people. Any collection in a museum without an expert taking care of it, it loses any inherent value attached to it according to Flyyin (2007). Poor management of museums has also been a major challenge facing museums. Museums have often regarded as areas of less duty and this has led to the downfall of the industry. There are several activities which need to be taken care of in the museum so as to make it a place worthy visitation. For instance the need to improve access to collection, improving attract more people, make more relevant exhibitions to those served by the museum and to generate income which important for development .Therefore it is the work of the management to ensure all these activities are taken care of. Lack of information about objects found in the museum has been a major challenge to the industry. This information is as important as the objects since without it, it is unlikely that people will recognize the importance of such objects Many museums have not been able to standardize information of their artifacts and those which have managed to do so have lacked the right data and vocabulary. This can be attributed to t he failure of the government to introduce a national standard for museums. Creation of different classification for different artifacts in the museum has also remained a major challenge in the industry. This can be attributed to the lack of unified standard framework which needs to be single framework for museums. Cultural heritage is playing a major role in the museums and without this standard framework it is unlikely that museums will achieve any significant progress in future. The declining attendance to the museum has also been a major challenge. This is because one of the main sources of cash for the museum is through the entrance fee. On the same note, with the decline of attendance it implies that the museum is not selling out itself as not many people will be aware of what it offers. This is a challenge which needs a lot of attention as it important aspect of the museum. The issue of which works to display and which works not to display has also posed a challenge to the mus eums as suggested by Flyyin (2007). For instance most museums are not sure of whether to display works with sexual content. This is case especially when the museum operates with